{"id":1202,"date":"2020-05-30T20:18:07","date_gmt":"2020-05-30T14:48:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/paperdigit.com\/?p=1202"},"modified":"2020-05-30T20:18:07","modified_gmt":"2020-05-30T14:48:07","slug":"batting-for-free-speech","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/paperdigit.com\/?p=1202","title":{"rendered":"Batting for free speech- Editorial Analysis"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Batting for free speech: On filing of defamation cases against press<\/strong>&#8212;Editorial Analysis<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Context:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 A feature of public life in Tamil Nadu in the last three decades has been the indiscriminate institution of criminal defamation proceedings against Opposition leaders and the media.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 It is no surprise, then, that the most comprehensive judgment on the limits of the State\u2019s power to prosecute members of the press for defamation should come from the Madras High Court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 The verdict of Justice Abdul Quddhose, quashing a series of defamation complaints filed since 2011-12, is remarkable for applying a set of principles that would firmly deter the hasty and ill-advised resort to State-funded prosecution on behalf of public servants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Curbing invoking of Provisions in the CrPC:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/paperdigit.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/Copy-of-Tokyo-City.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1203\"\/><figcaption>The Hindu Editorial Analysis- UPSC, UPPSC,BPSC, SSC-CGL<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 The first principle is that the State should not impulsively invoke provisions in the CrPC to get its public prosecutor to file defamation complaints in response to every report that contains criticism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 The court deems such impulsive actions as amounting to throttling democracy. It advises the government to have a higher threshold for invoking defamation provisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 It notes that each time a public servant feels defamed by a press report, it does not automatically give rise to a cause for asking the public prosecutor to initiate proceedings on her behalf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 The statutory distinction between defaming a public servant as a person and as the State itself being defamed has to be maintained.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cautioning Prosecutors:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Justice Quddhose goes on to fault the government for according sanction to the initiation of cases through the prosecutors without explaining how the State has been defamed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 He cautions prosecutors against acting like a post office, noting that their role is to scrutinize the material independently to see if the offense has been made out, and if so, whether it relates to a public servant\u2019s conduct in the course of discharging official functions or not before filing a complaint.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 So, the court finds that many were cases in which public servants ought to have filed individual cases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 An earlier Madras High Court ruling noted that an essential ingredient of criminal defamation must be that imputation was actuated by malice, or with reckless disregard for the truth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2018Sullivan\u2019 Rule of \u2018Actual Malice\u2019:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 A recent judgment by Justice G.R. Swaminathan enunciated what is known in the United States as the \u2018Sullivan\u2019 rule of \u2018actual malice\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 While quashing a private complaint against a journalist and a newspaper, the judge said two of the exceptions to defamation given in Section 499 pertained to \u2018public conduct of public servants\u2019 and \u2018conduct of any person on any public question\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 This implied that the legislature itself believed that unless it is demonstrated that reporting on a public servant\u2019s conduct or on a public question was vitiated by malice, the question of defamation does not arise and that even inaccuracies in reporting need not occasion a prosecution for defamation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Within a matter of days, the HC has struck two blows for free speech and press freedom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2022 Reckless filing of criminal defamation cases against the press must end.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Importance <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mains Paper 2: Polity<br>Prelims level: Provisions in the CrPC<br>Mains level: Curbing invoking of Provisions in the CrPC<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mains Questions:-<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">Q-&gt; Do you think reckless filing of criminal defamation cases against the press must end?  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify wp-block-paragraph\">Comment your Answer&#8230;&#8230; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Batting for free speech: On filing of defamation cases against press&#8212;Editorial Analysis Context: \u2022 A feature of public life in Tamil Nadu in the last three decades has been the indiscriminate institution of criminal defamation proceedings against Opposition leaders and the media. \u2022 It is no surprise, then, that the most comprehensive judgment on the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1203,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_angie_page":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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